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Whenever the monetary authority meets to make interest rate decisions, two key questions need to be answered: Where is the economy at? and Where is the economy headed? Answering these questions is no easy task. On the one hand, the lag in statistical information makes it difficult to have a…
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In 2021, the price of beef grew about 31% and has seen an additional growth of more than 4.0% as of February 2022. Read the full analysis in the new Banrep Blog post.
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In 2015, Colombia signed the Paris Agreement, thus committing to reduce the exploration, exploitation, and consumption of fossil fuels such as coal, natural gas, and oil. A consequence of this agreement is the risk of turning fossil fuel-related assets into stranded assets, whose value would…
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The value added tax (VAT) exemption days policy has been used in the United States and in the European Union to encourage the consumption of goods and services that are important for lower-income households. In Colombia, after the crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic and to help boost the economy…
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The COVID-19 pandemic caused an economic contraction and an increase in the unemployment rate unprecedented in Colombia’s history. At the time of its greatest impact, in April 2020, through the Economic Tracking Indicator (ISE in Spanish), the National Administrative Department of Statistics (DANE…
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This year, coinciding with the celebration of its 100th anniversary, Banco de la República (the Central Bank of Colombia) received the ‘Carbon Neutral’ certification from Bureau Veritas. This recognition indicates that the Bank has taken the necessary measures to mitigate and offset its CO2…
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In 2019 and 2020, Banco de la República (the Central Bank of Colombia) showed historically high profits, which amounted to 7.1 trillion and 7.5 trillion Colombian pesos, respectively. This was mainly due to the extraordinary yields of foreign reserves (FRs), which totaled 7.6 trillion and 6.6…
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The recent pension reform, formalized by Law 2381 of 2024, has introduced a new Comprehensive Social Protection System for Old Age, Disability, and Death of common origin. This reform establishes a system of four pillars: solidarity, semi-contributory, contributory, and voluntary savings.
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On 23 July 2023, Banco de la República (the Central Bank of Colombia) celebrated its 100th anniversary, having been established as the Central Bank of Colombia through Law 25 of 1923, according to the parameters defined by the Kemmerer Mission.
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IntroductionIn its most recent financial report for 2023 (only available in Spanish), Banco de la República (the Central Bank of Colombia or Banrep) reported historical profits of 9.2 trillion of Colombian pesos, mainly due to the yield of the international reserves (IR) .
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In its most recent financial report for 2023, Banco de la República (the Central Bank of Colombia or Banrep) reported historical profits of 9.2 trillion of Colombian pesos, mainly due to the yield of the international reserves (IR) . In order to understand the origin of these high results, it…
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Bank reserves are an economic policy instrument traditionally overseen by central banks that requires banks and other credit institutions to maintain a reserve of liquid assets in cash or in their accounts at the Central Bank. The reserve ratio is the ratio of these bank reserves to public deposits…
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The COVID-19 pandemic significantly altered the way merchants do business. Preventive confinement, health restrictions and fear of contagion forced businesses to look for other ways of operating through home-based services, online commerce and the acceptance of different electronic payment…
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Retail payment instruments play a crucial role in economic and financial stability and in the functioning of trade. These include cash, debit and credit cards, checks, and wire transfers.
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High-altitude climbers know very well that the descent from the top can be as dangerous as the ascent, so they advance cautiously in this second stage of the journey to ensure a healthy return home. Something similar could be said of monetary policy. Risks do not disappear in the decline period of…
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High-altitude climbers know very well that the descent from the top can be as dangerous as the ascent, so they advance cautiously in this second stage of the journey to ensure a healthy return home. Something similar could be said of monetary policy. Risks do not disappear in the decline period of…
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Central bank transparency refers to the clear and open communication of key information to the public by monetary policymakers. This includes the dissemination of data, forecasts, and decision-making processes that affect the economy. Transparency reduces the information gap between what monetary…
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After a period of growing income inequality at the end of the 20th century, Colombia began the 21st century with a decline in the Gini coefficient that was particularly pronounced in the decade following 2010. This indicator went from 0.56 to 0.51 between 2010 and 2017, increasing slightly at the…
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A recent paper published in Ensayos sobre Política Económica (ESPE) a journal of >Banco de la República (the Central Bank of Colombia), examines the constraints faced by Colombian smallholder farmers in accessing credit. Among other findings, the paper presents the results of a study done by…
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Scientific evidence has shown that extreme weather events, including excessive precipitation and droughts, are becoming longer and more severe due to the effects of climate change. If agricultural producers do not adjust to this new reality, produce shortages and higher food prices can be expected…
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Following the enactment of the 1991 Constitution, which increased the fiscal autonomy of subnational governments, there was a growing deterioration of territorial finances, which, in turn, threatened to jeopardize the fiscal position of the Central Government. In response, fiscal rules for…
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Following the enactment of the 1991 Constitution, which increased the fiscal autonomy of subnational governments, there was a growing deterioration of territorial finances, which, in turn, threatened to jeopardize the fiscal position of the Central Government. In response, fiscal rules for…
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The COVID-19 pandemic led inflation in Colombia to fall below the 3.0% target, reaching its lowest level in history of 1.51% in March 2021. However, in the second quarter of 2021, inflation began to rise to the point that in March 2023 it reached its highest peak (13.3%) since 1999. What explains…
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As of June 2021, the National Administrative Department of Statistics (DANE in Spanish) and Banco de la República (the Central Bank of Colombia) began to jointly disclose the national accounts by institutional sector (CNSI in Spanish), which will henceforth be published quarterly and with a lag of…
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Economic observers who monitor monetary policy often compare the timing of interest rate increase or decrease cycle decisions across countries to determine which countries were ahead and which were behind in their decisions. This might be correct if the countries had identical economic performance…
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