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Entities and regulators alike are becoming more interested in measuring and the market risk (MR) associated with the trading book1 , given the growing share of investments comprising the financial system’s assets. The Office of the Superintendencia Bancaria (Banking Superintendency)2 in Colombia…

Financial institutions rate loans as an expression of the risk they believe the client poses. With the data from those ratings, they can evaluate the current quality of their balance sheet and calculate the loan-loss provisions required for their loan portfolio. A loan rating also is an instrument…

This paper is an attempt at constructing a simple and eff

Mandatory pension fund (MPF) affiliates in Colombia do not have a great deal of information to gauge the financial performance of pension fund managers (PFM). At present, each PFM publishes a monthly report on average profitability for the preceding 36 months (tri-annual yield). However, this…

The relationship between capital ows and domestic credit emerges from dierent channels which are usually not directly identied. In this paper, a principal-agent approach is proposed in order to disentangle the channels through which shocks on capital debt ows can aect credit-related variables…

The importance of the banking sector as a key player in interest rate passthrough has been recognized recently in literature concerning monetary policy transmission mechanisms. The interest rate channel, which operates when banks pass on changes in the monetary policy rate to interest rates for the…

The importance of properly monitoring and regulating liquidity risk is associated with systemic risk and with stability of the financial system. If institutions do not measure liquidity risk adequately and if it is not well regulated, financial institutions could see their positions affected by a…

The financial crisis of the late 2000's underscored the importance of identifying systemically significant institutions and developing mechanisms for the latter to internalize the externalities they create on the economy should they fail. Using monthly data for the period comprised between…

As Freixas and Rochet (1997) mention, in perfect competition the optimal choice for banks is determined by the point where intermediation margins are equal to operating costs. In this scenario, market equilibrium is not affected by a bank’s actions. In contrast, when a bank has market power, it can…

To complement a number of studies done in Colombia, based largely on figures from institutional balance sheets, Banco de la Republica has conducted three surveys to date on the credit situation in Colombia. The aim is to collect qualitative information that can be used to determine how financial…

The increase in retail sales was associated with greater demand, especially for food and beverages, and new vehicles. Improved retail confidence and lower interest rates contributed to this outcome.

Commerce strengthened, driven by a rebound in sales of cultural items, entertainment, and new vehicles and motorcycles, amid improved commercial confidence. The financial system supported this momentum with increased lending, particularly to the business sector.

Agricultural production increased due to favorable weather conditions and strong demand. Cattle and pig farming also showed improved performance. Additionally, the food processing industry expanded, particularly coffee hulling, due to the abundant supply of raw materials.

Retail sales in Santander grew, with vehicles, food, computer equipment, and entertainment standing out. Promotions and discounts boosted consumption. Imports of consumer goods, mainly durable goods, also increased.

Retail sales in Antioquia continued to rise, exceeding the national average. This result was associated with discounts, increased tourism, and more favorable financing conditions, among other factors. The strongest retail segments included automobiles, motorcycles, computer equipment, and…

Agricultural activity expanded due to higher oil palm production, supported by rainfall levels that reduced water stress and favored the development of crops. The livestock segment also grew, driven by an increase in cattle and pig slaughtering, in response to stronger household consumption.

Retail sales slowed down due to a slower growth rate in the sale of vehicles and motorcycles, consistent with a fall in consumer credit. However, sales of food and beverages, as well as computer and communications equipment, led the positive retail performance.

Annually from 1994-1997

1990-2002

Annually from 1994-1997