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In this paper we analyze the effects of financial constraints on the exchange rate through the portfolio balance channel. Our contribution is twofold: First, we construct a tractable two-period general equilibrium model in which financial constraints inhibit capital flows. Hence, departures from…
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In the present paper we remark that the absence of an intrinsic or fundamental value represents a problem for the stability of the bitcoin’s price as an asset. In addition, we consider some financial stability concerns that derive from the hypothesis that the bitcoin will survive as an asset…
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Despite various payment innovations, today, cash is still heavily used to pay for low-value purchases. This paper develops a simulation model to test whether standard implications of the theory on cash management and payment choices can explain the use of payment instruments by transaction size. In…
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"This document illustrates how changes in the risk composition of the portfolio amplified the transmission of monetary policy to average loan interest rates throughout the credit cycle and demonstrates the value of disaggregated data for understanding the macro-financial conditions of the economy."
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Estimates indicate a positive relationship between the duration of drought periods and the total credit granted and the number of beneficiaries at the municipal level. This relationship holds for credits whose debtors report high levels of assets or have the backing of a public guarantee fund.
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AbstractThe housing sector is one of the most relevant in terms of economic and financial stability. Understanding its behavior can prevent bubbles and busts in the economy. There are many studies about the corporate bond’s spreads, but the studies about mortgage interest rate spread and…
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We evaluate the effectiveness of consumer debt moratoria, one of the earliest policy interventions aimed at alleviating debt burdens. Using administrative data from Colombia, our study compares households that narrowly qualified for the moratorium (eligible up to 60 days overdue on their mortgages…
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Using monthly information on retail trade, we study the short-term dynamics of household consumption variations in Colombia. Based on a sample of retail trade excluding fuels and vehicles, we find that the growth of household consumption can be explained by lags in the Economy Monitoring Indicator…
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The increase in the cost of training apprentices from 75% to 100% of the national minimum wage in 2014 caused significant cuts in demand. The estimated effect ranges between -0.092 and -0.104 apprentices per establishment, which translates to demand cuts between 74.4% and 83.2%. The implicit…
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Defining whether a financial institution is systemically important (or not) is challenging due to (i) the inevitability of combining complex importance criteria such as institutions’ size, connectedness and substitutability; (ii) the ambiguity of what an appropriate threshold for those criteria may…
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AbstractWe examine the optimal design of central bank digital currencies (CBDCs) by focusing on two key features: the anonymity-security trade-off and the remuneration (i.e., interest rate). Building on the extended model by Agur et al. (2022), which accounts for potential negative externalities…
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AbstractAnomaly detection methods aim at identifying observations that deviate manifestly from what is expected. Such methods are usually run on low dimensional data, such as time series. However, the increasing importance of high dimensional payments and exposures data for financial oversight…
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Working Papers on Economics - Determinants of structural unemployment in Colombia. A search approachThis paper is aimed to identify the main determinants of the structural unemployment rate (SUR) in Colombia. To this end, we initially look up theoretical determinants of structural unemployment as defined by a basic search and matching model. Then, we estimate different measures of the SUR…
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AbstractThis document analyses recent developments in digital credit and payments platforms in Colombia. It explores digital financial services characteristics, and the potential risks faced by users, providers, and the central bank. We compiled information obtained by simulated products requests…
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ABSTRACTEven though the levels and growth rates of adoption of digital payments have reached significant figures in the recent past, the demand for cash continues to grow in both developed and developing economies across the world. This puzzle has found only partial explanations in the previous…
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In Colombia, 50% of labor income is lower than the legal MW level. It is in this context that we analyze the effect of increasing MW on labor income distribution and its inequality, household income distribution and its inequality, and on monetary poverty prevalence.
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The disruption in container freight rates caused a 0.4% loss in welfare in Colombia. This percentage represents a decrease in the present value of the population's consumption due to the drop in real wages and is attributable solely to the direct effects of freight rates on the goods that Colombia…
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Working Papers on Economics - Electronic payments and cash usage in the colombian retail sector 2020AbstractTo study the recent dynamics of electronic payments in Colombia, Banco de la República carried out in 2020 a survey of the commerce sector on acceptance and usage of different payment instruments. The survey reveals merchants´ high levels of acceptance of electronic payment instruments…
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The most recent financial crisis unveiled that liquidity risk is far more important and intricate than regulation have conceived. The shift from bank-based to market-based financial systems and from Deferred Net Systems to liquidity-demanding Real-Time Gross Settlement of payments explains some of…
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AbstractThis document reviews the potential macroeconomic effects of issuing a central bank digital currency (CBDC) for the use of individuals and businesses. A careful selection of the architecture, and the economic and technological design aspects of this digital form of central bank money that…
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AbstractThis paper studies the dynamics of farm size distribution, how they are in uenced by weather shocks, and the implications for aggregate productivity. Using data from several developing countries, we first document new empirical facts about households' landholding choices and…
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An interacting network coupling financial institutions’ multiplex (i.e. multi-layer) and financial market infrastructures’ single-layer networks gives an accurate picture of a financial system’s true connective architecture. We examine and compare the main properties of Colombian multiplex and…
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This paper examines the relationship between three government support measures (debt moratorium, credit guarantee programs, and payroll subsidies) and the firm’s payment behavior on loans in Colombia
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The functioning of large-value payment systems (LVPSs) can be affected when some of its participants voluntarily decide to delay their payments until they can totally fund them with the payments received from other participants. This behaviour, known as the free-rider problem, can cause an under-…
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