Between 22 April and 03 May 2024, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) provided technical assistance to assess the Colombian foreign exchange market and its regulatory framework, and to identify strategies to strengthen its development while ensuring the preservation of financial stability.
Bogotá, Colombia
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After conducting a comprehensive review of the sanctioning regimes applicable to foreign exchange and monetary operations, Banco de la República (BanRep) introduced a new framework of consequences for addressing non‑compliance within the context of open market operations (OMOs), liquidity…
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Twenty years after the creation of the Center for Regional Economic Studies (CEER in Spanish), this work compiles its history and recalls the particularities of the Caribbean region through six dimensions: historiography, economic and social studies, archeology, political structures, culture,…
- Publicación |Neighborhoods that initially had high crime rates, and that were connected to the cable cars experience a significant decrease in the likelihood that their residents engage in criminal activities, and this change is proportional to the reductions in travel time provided by the new infrastructure.
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This volume gathers several texts on the economic situation of the Nueva Granada in the final years of the colonial period. Economics was not yet an independent discipline, and these documents were written, as well as those by other Spanish or American financial experts at the time, to comply…
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“El Estado General de todo el Virreynato de Santafé de Bogotá de 1794" (Overview of the Viceroyalty of Santafé de Bogotá, 1794) is a map of a land far away in time, the viceroyalty of the Nueva Granada at the end of the 18th century. In this contemporary compendium, historians and curious…
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Interested in exploring trade possibilities with Colombia, the Department of Commerce sends Mr. P. L. Bell to study the situation of agriculture, industry, mining, and commerce in Colombia. It seems that he was in the country in 1918 and 1919. The report was published in 1921.
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In this digital book, Banco de la República (the Central Bank of Colombia) makes available to researchers and libraries of the country all the Colombian memoirs of taxes and treasury published in the 19th century. It is a bibliographic tool that we hope will be extremely useful for analysts,…
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This essay aims to review the main economic writings by Rafael Núñez and analyze his economic thought. Thus, it aims to focus on the historic role of Núñez as an economist rather than a statesman or as the leader of the period known as "Regeneración." By way of introduction and as a frame of…
- Publicación |Hospital productivity has declined steadily across all three complexity levels. Level 3 public hospitals (ESEs) were more resilient during the pandemic, while Level 2 hospitals suffered the greatest impact but showed a stronger recovery. Level 1 hospitals experienced the most prolonged decline with…
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This book is the reissue of the report by the Book Misión de Empleo (Employment Mission, in English), convened in 1985-1986 by the administration of President Belisario Betancur. The Mission understood its task as the comprehensive analysis of all the problems affecting Colombia's working…
- Publicación |Bogotá, Club El Nogal, noviembre 12, 2025Turbulent timesBy March 2023, (i.e., two and a half years ago), inflation had risen above 13.4%, and interest rates had to be significantly adjusted upwards to levels similar to those of inflation.In Colombia, as in many countries around the world, we were…
- Publicación |The implicit equity tax is progressive for smaller firms but regressive for larger ones.
- Publicación |Although there is a close relationship between the government’s budget and its fiscal balance, they respond to different objectives, concepts, accounting bases, and measurement methodologies, which makes their understanding, monitoring, and evaluation more difficult.
- Publicación |The international environment was characterized by lower interest rates in the U.S.
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The Regional Economic Pulse (Pulso Económico Regional, PER in Spanish) indicator suggested that the national economy experienced annual growth during the third quarter of 2025 (Graph 1). This aggregate result could be attributed to the positive performance of all regional economies, with…
- Publicación |Regarding the impact of monetary policy on housing prices, we find that it is significant: a one-unit monetary policy surprise shock (in the index) leads to a decline in housing price growth of approximately 6 percentage points as supply elasticity decreases.
- Publicación |Market frictions and banking regulations limit the liquidity of the derivatives market, particularly affecting large firms. Foreign exchange interventions have asymmetric effects: they implicitly protect small firms under low intervention scenarios, but benefit large firms when intervention is high.
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Prices increased more than expected during the third quarter of the year. However, inflation is still expected to decrease in 2026 and fall within the range of 2 % to 4 %, continuing to approach the 3 % target, but at a somewhat slower pace. It is estimated that inflation will be at 5.1…
- Publicación |Microcredit plays a relevant role in reducing information asymmetries in the rural credit market, although its effects are concentrated in a small fraction of beneficiaries, posing additional challenges to broaden its reach and effectiveness. Accessing credit through microfinance institutions or…
