R11

Although Santander continues to rank among the departments with the highest gross domestic product (GDP) per capita in Colombia, in recent years it has shown a relative lag in its economic and social performance. In light of these trends, the purpose of this document is to…

Real retail sales grew in the region, surpassing the national average. This performance was driven by increased household spending, lower unemployment, and effective marketing campaigns. Household consumption dynamism and improved financing conditions strengthened businesses and consumer…

The increase in employment, together with higher income from coffee-related activities and a greater flow of remittances, boosted household spending. This consumption dynamism was particularly reflected in the demand for durable goods, which, in turn, supported imports of this type of consumer…

Higher household consumption of durable goods boosted retail sales within the context of improved business confidence. At the same time, the dynamism of sporting events, concerts, and festivals stimulated demand for tourism services, particularly from foreign visitors.

Retail trade in Antioquia recorded its highest annual growth in three years, driven by lower interest rates, the opening of new sales points, and increased customer traffic. The information technology, communications, and auto parts segments stood out. In turn, vehicle and motorcycle sales…

Domestic trade continued to show dynamic performance, surpassing the national average. Household consumption was driven by sales of food and beverages, information technology equipment, and vehicles. Likewise, demand for cultural and entertainment items, consumer imports, and new housing sales…

Retail trade recorded a rise, driven by increased household spending and supported by higher flows in remittances, improved access to credit, and greater consumer confidence. Vehicle sales contributed to the increase, boosted by lower interest rates, the launch of new models, and favorable…

Agricultural production showed positive results, with rice and palm oil production standing out, favored by abundant rainfall, as well as cassava and plantain production. At the same time, cattle and pig slaughter in the region increased, driven by higher consumption of animal protein.

Catatumbo is a region located in northeastern Colombia on the border with Venezuela, which has historically been the scene of waves of violence. In recent years, it has established itself as one of the areas with the largest coca cultivation in the country. This…

The increase in retail sales was associated with greater demand, especially for food and beverages, and new vehicles. Improved retail confidence and lower interest rates contributed to this outcome.

Agricultural activity expanded due to higher oil palm production, supported by rainfall levels that reduced water stress and favored the development of crops. The livestock segment also grew, driven by an increase in cattle and pig slaughtering, in response to stronger household consumption.

Retail sales slowed down due to a slower growth rate in the sale of vehicles and motorcycles, consistent with a fall in consumer credit. However, sales of food and beverages, as well as computer and communications equipment, led the positive retail performance.

Retail sales in Santander grew, with vehicles, food, computer equipment, and entertainment standing out. Promotions and discounts boosted consumption. Imports of consumer goods, mainly durable goods, also increased.

Retail sales in Antioquia continued to rise, exceeding the national average. This result was associated with discounts, increased tourism, and more favorable financing conditions, among other factors. The strongest retail segments included automobiles, motorcycles, computer equipment, and…

Commerce strengthened, driven by a rebound in sales of cultural items, entertainment, and new vehicles and motorcycles, amid improved commercial confidence. The financial system supported this momentum with increased lending, particularly to the business sector.

Agricultural production increased due to favorable weather conditions and strong demand. Cattle and pig farming also showed improved performance. Additionally, the food processing industry expanded, particularly coffee hulling, due to the abundant supply of raw materials.

We estimate the effects of annual temperature and precipitation on rice yields in Colombia from 1987 to 2016. The analysis explores the degree of variation in response to climate changes across the country’s diverse topography. Since there are two growing seasons in…

La Matuna is an area located in the heart of the historic center of Cartagena de Indias, between El Centro, San Diego and Getsemaní, which makes it an area of special interest for the city. Despite its location and some constructions that occurred at the end of…