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Population aging poses a serious challenge to the Colombian pension system.

El envejecimiento poblacional supone un serio reto al sistema pensional colombiano.

In 2014, Decree 2616 introduced a change in regulation that lowered payroll taxes for low-income, part-time workers in Colombia. The reform made the mandatory contributions to social security proportional to the time worked when the monthly wage was lower than the minimum wage.

Inflation expectations correspond to what economic agents believe inflation will be in the future. This is a variable that is relevant to monetary policy and to the general performance of the economy since it influences how the prices for goods and services, wages, and the prices of financial assets are determined. An important concept in the study of expectations is that of "anchoring," which tells us if they tend to have a stable value over time, which is known as the "anchor".

La Misión de Internacionalización que convocó el Gobierno Nacional con la participación de reconocidos expertos internacionales y la secretaría técnica del Departamento Nacional de Planeación (DNP) y otras entidades¹, entregó sus conclusiones en agosto de 2021.

En el año 2014, mediante el Decreto 2616, se introdujo en Colombia una regulación que disminuyó los impuestos a la nómina de los trabajadores de tiempo parcial de bajos ingresos. La reforma hizo que las contribuciones de seguridad social sean proporcionales al tiempo trabajado, incluso cuando el salario mensual es inferior al salario mínimo.

Las expectativas de inflación corresponden a lo que los agentes económicos consideran que será la inflación en el futuro. Esta es una variable relevante para la política monetaria y el desempeño general de la economía, pues influye en la determinación de precios de los bienes y servicios, los salarios y los precios de los activos financieros. Un concepto importante en el estudio de las expectativas es el de “anclaje”, que indica si estas tienden a un valor estable a medida que pasa el tiempo, donde este valor se conoce como “ancla”.

Banco de la República's Financial Stability Report of the first semester of 2021 showed that during the first six months of 2020 (in a recessionary context derived from the global pandemic) total commercial credit from Colombian financial institutions to firms increased significantly. This phenomenon is illustrated by the blue lines in Graph 1, panels A and B.

Scientific evidence has shown that extreme weather events, including excessive precipitation and droughts, are becoming longer and more severe due to the effects of climate change. If agricultural producers do not adjust to this new reality, produce shortages and higher food prices can be expected. Colombia's geographic location makes it particularly vulnerable to this global reality. The results of two studies that explore the adjustment mechanisms that Colombian farmers seem to make in the face of droughts and periods of excessive rainfall are described below.