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It has been established from studies of the iconography and
the goldwork manufacturing techniques of the Eastern Range that
there were three different styles, which appear to relate to
different areas of influence, miscellaneous use contexts, and
possibly different eras in the development of the metallurgy
industry.
The first of these styles, which is associated with objects
from the central part of the range, has been given the name
Nuclear Muisca. It refers to objects that were used by
the leading lords and as offerings, and consists of votive figures,
necklaces with geometric, zoomorphous and anthropomorphous shapes,
appliqué work for textiles, bracelets, 'yopo' trays,
and rectangular nose rings. Most of these objects were cast
using the lost wax technique. Although some of the designs are
geometric, the predominant theme was birds and the human figure,
with 'coffee bean' shaped eyes and mouth.
The iconography of objects referred to as Complex Western,
meanwhile, which come from the western and south western slopes
of the range, is highly ornate, and influenced by the shapes
and designs of people living in the Quimbaya and Tolima region.
These are anthropomorphous objects with half-closed eyes and
elaborate headdresses with spirals, conical and trunk-conical
ear ring pendants, and heart-shaped breastplates.
Finally, the third style, which has been given the name Simple
Hammered, relates to simpler objects found in the Santander
region that were made using the hammering technique. These are
nose rings, ring-shaped ear rings, or half-moon and circular
pendants and breastplates.
Muisca and
the Gold Museum Exhibition
Chieftains,
Priests, Captains and Criers
Religious
Life and Offerings
Eldorado Raft
The Three
Goldwork Styles
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